Free English Translation
Statement of Faith and the Twelve Anathemas
Libellus de Fide seu Duodecim Anathematismi
13 chapters · ~3 min read · by Pseudo-Rufinus
About Statement of Faith and the Twelve Anathemas
This brief text, transmitted under the name of Rufinus, opens with a first-person account of a journey to Jerusalem and Bethlehem prompted by reports that the author held heretical views. It denies holding the opinions falsely attributed to him and sets down, in the reverse, a series of twelve formal condemnations, each closing with the formula "let them be anathema." The anathemas target positions associated with Origenist teaching: that the punishments of the devil and the impious are not everlasting, that souls pre-existed their bodies and fell into them on account of earlier sins, that Christ was a mere man who advanced to divinity by merit, that the persons of the Trinity differ in substance, that all things will eventually be restored to an original state, and that the resurrection body will not be the same body that was buried. Scholarship has linked the piece with a Rufinus of the Pelagian controversy rather than with Rufinus of Aquileia, though the question of authorship remains open. The work survives as a single short chapter within the Migne Patrologia Latina collection.
By Pseudo-Rufinus. Collected in Patrologia Latina, Volume 21.
In this work
Little Book on the Faith or the Twelve Anathematisms Under the Name of Rufinus
· Occasion and Purpose of This Confession 1 The Punishments of the Devil and the Wicked Are Eternal 2 No Holy Man Is Perfect Without God's Help 3 Against Denying Christ's Eternal Godhead 4 The Son's Ignorance of the Day and Hour 5 The Trinity Is One in Substance 6 The Son Beholds the Father 7 Against Souls Falling from Angelic Rank 8 Christ's Full Humanity Taken from Mary 9 Against the Restoration of All Things 10 The Resurrection Body Is the Same Flesh 11 Against the Final Abolition of Bodies 12 Souls Are Created Daily with the BodyLittle Book on the Faith or the Twelve Anathematisms Under the Name of Rufinus
Here Begins, Concerning the Faith — Occasion and Purpose of This Confession
For the sake of veneration of the Holy Places, we came to Jerusalem and Bethlehem: and we understood that very many brethren among us were being scandalized, because they had heard that we profess many heretical things, and things which come against the faith of the Church. And so, with God as witness, we testify that the things written below we have in part held through error, and at the present time condemn: but other things, in which we are falsely defamed, we have neither said nor do we say, and that we have set forth and condemned the contrary of what is suspected of us in other matters.
1. The Punishments of the Devil and the Wicked Are Eternal
Those who say that the punishments of the Devil and the Demons and the impious—that is, of Gentiles, Jews, Samaritans, and all heretics (except Christians, who follow the right faith and are sinners)—are not perpetual, let them be anathema.
2. No Holy Man Is Perfect Without God's Help
Those who say that any holy man, whether prophetic or apostolic, can be perfect without the help of God, let them be anathema.
3. Against Denying Christ's Eternal Godhead
Those who say that Christ the Son of God, God the Word, was changed into a man, in such a way that He ceased to be God the Word; or that He was a mere man born of Mary, according to Paul of Samosata and Photinus, and that by merit and virtues He advanced to the name of God, let them be anathema.
4. The Son's Ignorance of the Day and Hour
Those who say that what is written, "Of that day and hour neither the Angels know, nor the Son", is according to the blasphemies of the Arians, and not on account of the dispensation of the flesh assumed, let them be anathema.
5. The Trinity Is One in Substance
Those who say that the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, that is, the Holy Trinity, are of a diverse substance among themselves, and not of one power and nature, let them be anathema.
6. The Son Beholds the Father
Those who say, in whatever manner and in whatever sense, that the Son does not see the Father, let them be anathema.
7. Against Souls Falling from Angelic Rank
Those who say that our souls fell from the rank of the Angels into these bodies on account of certain ancient sins, and that they do penance in this world, taking up those testimonies, "Before I was humbled I sinned", and "Bring my soul out of prison", and other things similar to these, let them be anathema.
8. Christ's Full Humanity Taken from Mary
Those who say that our Lord and Savior did not come in our nature, but was of a different and more sublime substance, namely a heavenly one, and did not take on the whole of what is from Mary, or did not have a human soul, or a mind without sin, let them be anathema.
9. Against the Restoration of All Things
Those who say that after many ages and times, which we cannot comprehend by human thought, a restitution of all things is made to their former state, and that all things return to their own beginnings, let them be anathema.
10. The Resurrection Body Is the Same Flesh
Those who say that after the resurrection we do not have the same bodies, but certain airy and spiritual ones, and not of the same nature as that in which we were laid in the tomb, though incorruptible and immortal, let them be anathema.
11. Against the Final Abolition of Bodies
Those who say that after the end of the resurrection, and after many ages, bodies are abolished and return to their former state, so that we are only souls without bodies, as we formerly were, let them be anathema.
12. Souls Are Created Daily with the Body
Those who say that souls existed before they were born, and that they are not made daily by God together with the body, after the example of the first man, let them be anathema.
Free to read, funded by readers.
You just read this work in full, at no cost. Translating classic Christian writing into clear English takes real time, and it is readers who make it possible and keep it free. If it was worth your time, help fund the next translation.
Donate to the projectUpdated Works publishes readable, modern editions of the classics. Explore the library →
